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Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood; plains cottonwood; cottonwood; common cottonwood)

Wikipedia Abstract

Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood, is a cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States, the southernmost part of eastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico.
View Wikipedia Record: Populus deltoides

Infraspecies

Populus deltoides subsp. deltoides
Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) (Attributes)
Populus deltoides subsp. wislizeni

Attributes

Height [3]  98 feet (30 m)
Width [3]  65 feet (20 m)
Air Quality Improvement [1]  None
Allergen Potential [1]  High
Carbon Capture [1]  Medium-High
Screening - Summer [2]  Dense
Screening - Winter [2]  Porous
Shade Percentage [1]  80 %
Temperature Reduction [1]  High
Wind Reduction [1]  Medium
Hardiness Zone Minimum [1]  USDA Zone: 3 Low Temperature: -40 F° (-40 C°) → -30 F° (-34.4 C°)
Hardiness Zone Maximum [1]  USDA Zone: 9 Low Temperature: 20 F° (-6.7 C°) → 30 F° (-1.1 C°)
Light Preference [2]  Full Sun
Soil Acidity [2]  Mostly Acid
Soil Fertility [2]  Intermediate
Water Use [1]  High to Moderate
Flower Color [2]  Yellow
Foliage Color [2]  Green
Fruit Color [2]  White
Fruit Conspicuous [2]  Yes
Bloom Period [2]  Spring
Drought Tolerance [2]  Medium
Edible [3]  May be edible. See the Plants For A Future link below for details.
Fire Tolerance [2]  Medium
Flower Type [3]  Dioecious
Frost Free Days [2]  3 months 10 days
Fruit/Seed Abundance [2]  High
Fruit/Seed Begin [2]  Spring
Fruit/Seed End [2]  Spring
Growth Form [2]  Single Stem
Growth Period [2]  Spring, Summer
Growth Rate [2]  Rapid
Janka Hardness [4]  430 lbf (195 kgf) Very Soft
Leaf Type [3]  Deciduous
Lifespan [2]  Perennial
Pollinators [3]  Wind
Propagation [2]  Bare Root, Container, Cutting, Seed
Root Depth [2]  24 inches (61 cm)
Seed Spread Rate [2]  Rapid
Seed Vigor [2]  High
Seeds Per [2]  424999 / lb (936964 / kg)
Shape/Orientation [2]  Erect
Specific Gravity [5]  0.4
Structure [3]  Tree
Usage [3]  An extract of the shoots can be used as a rooting hormone for all types of cuttings. It is extracted by soaking the chopped up shoots in cold water for a day; Various dyes can be obtained from the leaf buds in the spring - green, white, yellow, purple and red have been mentioned; Trees are planted for dune fixing in erosion control programmes; They are also good pioneer species, growing quickly to provide a good habitat for other woodland trees and eventually being out-competed by those trees; A fairly wind resistant tree, it can be grown as part of a shelterbelt planting; Another report says that it is easily storm-damaged; The wood has been used as a bio-mass for producing methanol, which can be used to power internal combustion engines; Annual yields of 7 tonnes of oven-dry material per year have been achieved; Wood - weak, soft, rather woolly in texture, without smell or taste, of low flammability, not durable, very resistant to abrasion but warps and shrinks badly; It weighs 24lb per cubic foot; The wood takes paint well, is easy to glue and nail; It is used principally for lumber, pulp, crates, veneer etc;
Vegetative Spread Rate [2]  Slow
View Plants For A Future Record : Populus deltoides

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Map Climate Land Use
Algonquin Provincial Park IV 1868802 Ontario, Canada
Assateague Island National Seashore II 8621 Maryland, United States
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area National Recreation Area V 120283 Kentucky, Tennessee, United States
Bruce Peninsula National Park II   Ontario, Canada
Calvin College Ecosystem Preserve 90 Michigan, United States
Carlsbad Caverns National Park II 15448 New Mexico, United States
Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve 310228 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, United States      
Catoctin Mountain Park National Park II 5994 Maryland, United States
Central Gulf Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve 40530 United States  
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Hist. Park National Historical Park V 19586 Maryland, District of Columbia, United States
Chippewa Nature Center   Michigan, United States    
Colonial National Historic Park National Historical Park V 9316 Virginia, United States
Edwin S. George Reserve 1297 Michigan, United States
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge VI 66133 Arkansas, United States
Fire Island National Seashore V 9433 New York, United States
Fort Donelson National Battlefield III 560 Tennessee, United States
Fort Larned National Historic Site III 706 Kansas, United States
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Nat'l Military Park National Military Park V 10384 Virginia, United States
Gateway National Recreation Area V 1807 New Jersey, United States
George Washington Memorial Parkway V   Virginia, United States
Grand Rapids Audubon Club Maher Sanctuary 80 Michigan, United States
Great Smoky Mountains National Park II 515454 North Carolina, Tennessee, United States
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge VI 3161 New Jersey, United States
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park VI 715 West Virginia, United States
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site   Iowa, United States
Hobcaw Barony (North Inlet) National Estuarine Research Reserve 7585 South Carolina, United States
Homestead National Monument of America V 850 Nebraska, United States
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park V 1926 Alabama, United States
Knife River Indian Villages National Hist. Site National Historic Site III 1756 North Dakota, United States
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument V 755 Montana, United States
Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve (Natn'l Park) National Park II 51235 Kentucky, United States
National Capital Parks - Central National Park   District of Columbia, United States
New River Gorge National River National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway V 55591 West Virginia, United States
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve 470167 Ontario, Canada  
Obed Wild and Scenic River National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway V 5268 Tennessee, United States
Oconee National Forest Botanical Reserve 306 Georgia, United States  
Pipestone National Monument V 326 Minnesota, United States
Point Pelee National Park II 5764 Ontario, Canada
Richmond National Battlefield Park III 1517 Virginia, United States
Rock Creek Park   District of Columbia, United States
Rondeau Provincial Park II 5035 Ontario, Canada
Saint Lawrence Islands National Park II   Ontario, Canada
Saratoga National Historical Park   New York, United States
Shenandoah National Park II 108221 Virginia, United States
Shiloh National Military Park III 4061 Tennessee, United States
South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve 20317 South Carolina, United States  
Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve 37548505 North Carolina, Tennessee, United States  
Tennessee River Gorge   Tennessee, United States
Upper Miss. River Nat'l Wildlife Refuge National Wildlife Refuge VI 25823 Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, United States
Valley Forge National Historical Park VI 3509 Pennsylvania, United States
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve 95835 Russia  
Western Michigan University's Asylum Lake Preserve 274 Michigan, United States
Wood Buffalo National Park II 11038545 Alberta, Canada

Emblem of

Kansas
Nebraska
Wyoming

Predators

Abagrotis barnesi[6]
Acronicta lepusculina (cottonwood dagger moth)[6]
Caligula japonica (Japanese Giant Silkworm)[6]
Catocala amatrix (Sweetheart Underwing)[6]
Catocala concumbens (Sleepy Underwing)[6]
Catocala meskei (Meske’s Underwing)[6]
Catocala parta (Mother Underwing)[6]
Catocala relicta (white underwing)[6]
Catocala unijuga (Once-married Underwing)[6]
Ceroplastes rusci (barnacle wax scale)[7]
Chaitophorus leucomelas[8]
Chionaspis longiloba (longiloba scale)[7]
Chionaspis salicis (black willow bark louse)[7]
Clostera fulgurita[6]
Cryptorhynchus lapathi[8]
Diaspidiotus gigas <Unverified Name>[7]
Diaspidiotus perniciosus (California scale)[7]
Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat)[9]
Enargia decolor (Pale Enargia)[6]
Epinotia nisella[6]
Eulecanium nocivum[7]
Gelechia dyariella[6]
Gelechia versutella[6]
Gynaephora rossii[6]
Gypsonoma haimbachiana[6]
Hemileuca juno[6]
Hemileuca nevadensis (Nevada Buck Moth)[6]
Ipimorpha pleonectusa[6]
Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm)[6]
Lepidosaphes ulmi (apple oystershell scale)[7]
Leucoma salicis (White Satin Moth)[6]
Lithophane baileyi[6]
Metanema inatomaria (Pale Metanema)[6]
Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer)[8]
Pachysphinx modesta (modest sphinx, poplar sphinx)[6]
Paranthrene dollii (Doll's Clearwing)[6]
Phyllocnistis populiella[6]
Phytobia cambii[8]
Plagiodera versicolora[8]
Prionoxystus robiniae (carpenterworm)[6]
Pseudobunaea irius[6]
Pseudosciaphila duplex (Aspen Leaftier)[6]
Salicicola kermanensis (Iranian poplar scale)[7]
Semiothisa irrorata[6]
Ufeus plicatus[6]

Providers

Pollinated by 
Apis mellifera (honey bee)[10]

Range Map

Link to Map
North America; Western Michigan University’s Asylum Lake;

External References

USDA Plant Profile

Photos

Citations

Species recognized by Kartesz J., , ITIS Regional: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System in Catalog of Life 2011
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1i-Tree Species v. 4.0, developed by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station and SUNY-ESF using the Horticopia, Inc. plant database. ♦ 2USDA Plants Database, U. S. Department of Agriculture ♦ 3Plants For A Future licensed under a Creative Commons License ♦ 4Wood Janka Hardness Scale/Chart J W Morlan's Unique Wood Gifts ♦ 5Forest Inventory and Analysis DB version 5.1, May 4, 2013, U.S. Forest Service ♦ 6HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni AND Luis M. Hernández ♦ 7Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. ScaleNet 4 November 2009 ♦ 8Biological Records Centre Database of Insects and their Food Plants ♦ 9Dipodomys ordii, Tom E. Garrison and Troy L. Best, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 353, pp. 1-10 (1990) ♦ 10Robertson, C. Flowers and insects lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty three flowers. 1929. The Science Press Printing Company Lancaster, PA.
Protected Areas provided by Biological Inventories of the World's Protected Areas in cooperation between the Information Center for the Environment at the University of California, Davis and numerous collaborators. ♦ Calvin College Ecosystem Preserve ♦ Carlsbad Caverns National Park ♦ Chippewa Nature Center ♦ Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ♦ Maher Sanctuary, Grand Rapids Audubon Club ♦ Western Michigan University’s Asylum Lake
Images provided by Google Image Search
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Range map provided by Digital representation of "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, 1999
Weather provided by NOAA METAR Data Access