Animalia > Chordata > Actinopterygii > Perciformes > Sciaenidae > Leiostomus > Leiostomus xanthurus
 

Leiostomus xanthurus (Spot croaker; Spot)

Synonyms: Leiostomus humeralis; Mugil obliquus; Sciaena multifasciata
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Wikipedia Abstract

The Spot croaker (Leiostomus xanthurus) or Spot is a small saltwater fish. The species inhabits estuary and coastal waters along the eastern coast of United States, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. The Spot croaker derives its name from the prominent dark spot behind each gill. It is also known for its the croaking sound it produces using its swim bladder. It is part of the family Sciaendae and the only species in its the genus Leiostomus.
View Wikipedia Record: Leiostomus xanthurus

Attributes

Adult Weight [2]  248 grams
Maximum Longevity [3]  4 years
Migration [1]  Oceano-estuarine
Water Biome [1]  Benthic, Rivers and Streams, Coastal

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Map Climate Land Use
Canaveral National Seashore II 9090 Florida, United States
Cape Cod National Seashore II 21724 Massachusetts, United States
Central Gulf Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve 40530 United States  
Colonial National Historic Park National Historical Park V 9316 Virginia, United States
Everglades and Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve   Florida, United States  
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary IV 2387149 Florida, United States
Gateway National Recreation Area V 1807 New Jersey, United States
George Washington Memorial Parkway V   Virginia, United States
Jean Lafitte National Hist. Park & Preserve National Historical Park II 17686 Louisiana, United States

Prey / Diet

Ampelisca abdita[4]
Ampelisca macrocephala[4]
Anchoa hepsetus (Broad-striped anchovy)[5]
Asabellides oculata[5]
Crangon septemspinosa (sevenspine bay shrimp)[4]
Neomysis americana (Mysid shrimp)[4]
Oxyurostylis smithi[5]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Competing SpeciesCommon Prey Count
Alosa mediocris (Hickory shad)1
Alosa pseudoharengus (kyack)1
Amblyraja radiata (Starry ray)2
Ammodytes dubius (offshore sand lance)1
Anchoa hepsetus (Broad-striped anchovy)1
Brevoortia aurea (Brazilian menhaden)1
Brevoortia tyrannus (Shad)1
Brosme brosme (Tusk)1
Calamus leucosteus (Whitebone porgy)1
Caranx ruber (Bar jack)1
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Thickskin shark)1
Caretta caretta (Loggerhead)1
Centropristis striata (Sea bass)3
Clangula hyemalis (Oldsquaw)1
Coelorinchus carminatus (Longnose grenadier)1
Cynoscion regalis (Weakfish)3
Cynoscion striatus (Striped weakfish)1
Dasyatis say (Say's stingray)1
Dasycottus setiger (Spinyhead sculpin)1
Haemulon aurolineatum (Seize)1
Hippoglossina oblonga (Fourspot flounder)2
Larimus fasciatus (Banded drum)1
Lepophidium profundorum (Fawn cusk-eel)1
Leucoraja erinacea (common skate)2
Leucoraja garmani (Freckled skate)1
Leucoraja ocellata (Winter skate)1
Limanda ferruginea (rusty flounder)1
Lutjanus campechanus (Red snapper)1
Malacoraja senta (Smooth skate)2
Menticirrhus americanus (Woundhead)2
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Northern kingfish)2
Merluccius bilinearis (Whiting)3
Micropogonias furnieri (Whitemouth drummer)1
Morone americana (Wreckfish)2
Morone saxatilis (Striper bass)1
Mustelus canis (Dogfish)1
Mycteroperca microlepis (Velvet rockfish)1
Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Little sculpin)2
Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (Sea raven)1
Ophichthus cruentifer (Snake eel)1
Ophidion marginatum (Striped cusk-eel)1
Paralichthys dentatus (fluke)2
Paralichthys orbignyanus1
Pomatomus saltatrix (Tailor run)3
Prionotus carolinus (Searobin)3
Prionotus evolans (Striped searobin)2
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (rough flounder)4
Raja eglanteria (Clearnose skate)1
Rhinoptera bonasus (Skeete)1
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Atlantic sharp-nosed shark)1
Rhomboplites aurorubens (Vermillion snapper)1
Scomber scombrus (Split)1
Scomberomorus cavalla (Spanish mackerel)1
Scomberomorus maculatus (Spanish mackerel)1
Scophthalmus aquosus (brill)2
Sphyraena guachancho (Sockeye)1
Sphyrna lewini (Southern hammerhead shark)1
Stenotomus chrysops (Scup)4
Syngnathus fuscus (Northern pipefish)1
Synodus foetens (Soapfish)1
Trichiurus lepturus (Atlantic Cutlassfish)1
Urophycis chuss (Squirrel hake)2
Urophycis regia (Spotted hake)2

Predators

Carcharhinus obscurus (Whaler shark)[5]
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Thickskin shark)[5]
Carcharias taurus (Spotted sand tiger shark)[5]
Dasyatis say (Say's stingray)[5]
Doryteuthis pleii (arrow squid)[6]
Paralichthys dentatus (fluke)[7]
Pomatomus saltatrix (Tailor run)[4]
Squatina dumeril (Atlantic angelshark)[5]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Apocreadium manteri <Unverified Name>[8]
Aponurus pyriformis[8]
Arhythmorhynchus brevis[8]
Caballerorhynchus lamothei[8]
Diplomonorchis leiostomi[8]
Dollfusentis chandleri[8]
Grillotia erinaceus[8]
Heteraxinoides xanthophilis[8]
Heteronybelinia estigmena[8]
Homalometron manteri[8]
Homalometron pallidum[8]
Lecithaster leiostomi[8]
Lepocreadium setiferoides[8]
Opecoeloides fimbriatus[8]
Opecoeloides vitellosus[8]
Otobothrium cysticum[8]
Parahemiurus merus[8]
Poecilancistrium caryophyllum[8]
Scolex polymorphus <Unverified Name>[8]
Serrasentis sagittifer[8]
Spirocamallanus cricotus <Unverified Name>[8]
Telosentis tenuicornis[8]
Zoogonus rubellus[8]

Institutions (Zoos, etc.)

    Maps
Institution Infraspecies / Breed 
Brevard Zoo
Liberty Science Center
Riverbanks Zoo and Garden
Virginia Aquarium&Marine Science Ctr

Distribution

Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic, Northwest; Atlantic, Western Central; Gulf of Mexico; Mexico; Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf; Southeast U.S. Continental Shelf; USA (contiguous states); Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to northern Mexico; absent in southern Florida.;

External References

Photos

Citations

Species recognized by , , FishBase in Catalog of Life 2011
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org ♦ 2de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 3Frimpong, E.A., and P. L. Angermeier. 2009. FishTraits: a database of ecological and life-history traits of freshwater fishes of the United States. Fisheries 34:487-495. ♦ 4 Steimle FW, Pikanowski RA, McMillan DG, Zetlin CA, Wilk SJ. 2000. Demersal Fish and American Lobster Diets in the Lower Hudson - Raritan Estuary. US Dep Commer, NOAA Tech Memo NMFS NE 161; 106 p. ♦ 5Food of Northwest Atlantic Fishes and Two Common Species of Squid, Ray E. Bowman, Charles E. Stillwell, William L. Michaels, and Marvin D. Grosslein, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-155 (2000) ♦ 6CephBase - Cephalopod (Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish and Nautilus) Database ♦ 7Latour, Robert J., et al. "The trophic dynamics of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in Chesapeake Bay." Fishery Bulletin 106.1 (2008): 47+. Academic OneFile. Web. 23 July 2010 ♦ 8Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Protected Areas provided by Biological Inventories of the World's Protected Areas in cooperation between the Information Center for the Environment at the University of California, Davis and numerous collaborators.
Images provided by Google Image Search
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Weather provided by NOAA METAR Data Access
Institution information provided by International Species Information System - May 2011